western front ww2 casualties

[147] According to Yad Vashem, "During their four years in power, the Ustasa carried out a Serb genocide, exterminating over 500,000, expelling 250,000 and forcing another 200,000 to convert to Catholicism. The raid was a disaster, almost two-thirds of the attacking force became casualties. Military deaths 6,750 which included 3,900 regular Army, 2,600 Navy forces, and 250 POW in Germany. Total: 1,647,200, 473,800, (2,121,000), Overall, perhaps two thirds of all Japanese military dead came not from combat, but from starvation and disease. 55, No. There were 3,000 civilian deaths in Allied air raids including 1,400 in the bombing of Sofia. Presse- und Informationsamt. The database contains civilians in case they have been buried at a military cemetery. Merchant Navy (530); British Home Guard (0) and Civilians (0). U.S. 39,929 Casualties For four brutal years, the Allies had been fighting the central powers, the Empires of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. Navy The Ninth and First American armies then turned east and pushed to the Elbe river by mid-April. According to a report compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964, combined Japanese Army and Navy deaths during the war (193745) numbered approximately 2,121,000; broken down as follows: In 1949 the report of the Japanese government Economic Stabilization Board put military war dead from December 1941 to December 21, 1946, at 1,555,308 Killed and 309,402 wounded. Determined stands were made in April by German forces at Heilbronn, Nuremberg, and Munich but were overcome after several days.[when?] (1989); Gerhard Reichling, Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1, Bonn 1995 (revised ed), Christoph Bergner, Secretary of State of Germany's Bureau for Inner Affairs, outlines the stance of the respective governmental institutions in. Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951.p.44-45. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. [265] However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3million.[266]. Recent studies published in Russia put the actual corrected population in 1940 at 192.598million. Italian losses amounted to 1,250 killed or missing, 4,780 wounded, and no information is provided on any who were captured. The port of Antwerp was liberated on 4 September by the British 11th Armoured Division. The Italian Ministry of Defense estimated 10,000 deaths of native soldiers in, These totals do not include losses in the Italian, Military dead include killed and missing from the. Suchdienstes, 1965. Civilian losses were due to the sinking of the. The deaths of African soldiers conscripted by Italy are not included with the Italian war dead. The 1949 report of the Japanese government Economic Stabilization Board detailed the casualties caused by air raids and sea bombardment. Werner Gruhl estimates China's total war losses at 15,554,000, Civilians :12,392,000 including (8,191,000) due to the Japanese brutality and military dead 3,162,000. Nazi Germany ordered, organized and condoned a substantial number of war crimes in World War II. On 4 April the encirclement was completed and the Ninth Army reverted to the command of Bradley's 12th Army Group. Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000; Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78, Bundesarchiv Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus, bundesarchiv.de; accessed 5 March 2016.(German). Studies on the Population of China, 13681953. Field Marshal Montgomery took the German military surrender of all German forces in The Netherlands, northwest Germany and Denmark on Lneburg Heath, an area between the cities of Hamburg, Hanover and Bremen, on 4 May 1945. The most numerous victims were Serbs. Ellis provides no figure for Danish casualties, he places Norwegian losses at 2,000 killed or missing with no information provided on those wounded or captured. p. 30(500,000 civilians in Japan and 300,000 overseas, figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), Ishikida, Miki (2005). 15", "Figures were compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964", American Historical Association: Lessons from Iwo Jima footnote 1, "Reports of General MacArthur. Included in the losses are 64,000 victims of Nazi reprisals and genocide including 30,000 POWs and 8,500 Jews. [242][243], The total war dead in the USSR includes about 1million[244] victims of Stalin's regime. The greatest number of casualties and wounds were inflicted by artillery, followed by small arms, and then by poison gas. Merchant Marine Casualties during World War II", "Croatian President Mesic Apologizes for Croatian Crimes Against the Jews during the Holocaust", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Jasenovac", Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_casualties&oldid=1130798063, Articles with dead external links from March 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2020, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 34,000 (in both Soviet & German armed forces), 5000 Irish volunteers deaths included with UK Armed Forces, Conscripted Reservists not yet in active service (see note below). According to the Czechoslovak State Statistical Office the population at 1/1/1939 (within post war 19451992 borders) was 14,612,000. For example, German Jewish refugees in France who were deported to the death camps are included with French casualties in the published sources on the Holocaust. A discussion of the famine in Java during 194445, leads Pierre van der Eng to conclude that 2.4million Indonesians perished. Commissariato generale C.G.V. [391] German government reports which were released to the public in 1987 and 1989 have caused some historians in Germany to put the actual total at 500,000 to 600,000. 20,400 killed by acts of war, 104,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, 18,000 political prisoners in Germany, 27,000 workers in Germany, General Franz Bhme announced the unconditional surrender of German troops in Norway. The exact number of dead and injured will never be known because of the confusion after the explosions. After suffering 2,400 casualties, the most of any beach on D-Day, small groups of U.S. soldiers were able to break through the defenses, opening the way for successive waves. Japan Proper: 58,100, 45,800, (103,900) Retrieved 4 March 2016. There were additional casualties in 193940, which totaled 136,945: There were 4,500 military deaths with the all Spanish. [147], List of human losses by participating country, Non-Jews persecuted and killed by Nazi and Nazi-affiliated forces, Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a note World War II . While the Nazi Party's own SS forces (in particular the SS-Totenkopfverbnde, Einsatzgruppen and Waffen-SS) of Nazi Germany was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of the Holocaust, the regular armed forces represented by the Wehrmacht committed war crimes of their own, particularly on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union. Ingo Haar, "Straty zwiazane z wypedzeniami: stan bada, problemy, perspektywy", Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, "Does Germany owe Greece wartime reparations money? Historians often put forward many different estimates of the numbers killed and wounded during World War II. Aiming to recapture Strasbourg, the Germans attacked the 6th Army Group at multiple points. The chance of an amphibious landing necessitated the substantial dispersal of the German mobile reserves, which contained the majority of their panzer troops. Malaya & Singapore: 8,500, 2,900, (11,400) [39], The US 12th Army Group fanned out, and the First Army went north as the southern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement. Colonial forces are not included in these figures. With an addition of this estimate of 194445 unrecorded deaths, the final estimation gave in round numbers a half a million German civilians killed by Allied aerial attacks. Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. Allies United StatesUnited Kingdom Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare 65,000 soldiers and civilians were killed in the 1945 military campaign against the Soviet Union. [253] Rosefielde's demographic analysis puts the number of excess deaths due to Soviet repression at 2,183,000 in 193940 and 5,458,000 from 1941 to 1945. . Rossiia i SSSR v voinakh XX veka: Poteri vooruzhennykh sil; statisticheskoe issledovanie OLMA-Press, 2001; ISBN 5-224-01515-4 Table 176", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015 p.38", "The "Debt of Honour Register" from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission", "Service Files of the Second World War War Dead, 19391947", "Seconde Guerre mondiale: tombs sous les bombes "amies", Bundesarchiv Euthanasie im Nationalsozialismus, "Bundeszentrale fr politische Bildung, Die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus den Gebieten jenseits von Oder und Neie", "Bundesamt fr Bevlkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe Hampe: Der zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg", Zahl der Vertreibungsopfer ist neu zu erforschen Rdiger Overmans Deutschlandfunk. e The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers against the Soviet Union (USSR), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe ( Baltics ), and Southeast Europe ( Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. A large number of partisans and members of the RSI forces were former members of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy, to which is referred the 3,430,000 figure. An academic study of the Chinese population concluded that "a conservative estimate would put total human casualties directly caused by the war of 19371945 at between 15,000,000 and 20,000,000". 350,000 American women served in the Armed Forces during World WarII and 16 were killed in action. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Saint-Petersburg, 1995. The annual death rate in 19421945 of Americans interned by Japan was about 3.5%. The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy.[when?] Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces, Estimated total Soviet military war dead in 194145 on the. Military casualties include deaths of regular military forces from combat as well as non-combat causes. Front, called by the people in the Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War, saw most of the damage in terms of military casualties, the Western Front, which encompassed Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands . Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. C. Deliberate acts of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated by all combatants. A Japanese academic study published in 1979 by The Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki puts the total dead in the atomic attacks at 140,000 ( 10,000) in Hiroshima and 70,000 ( 10,000) in Nagasaki. Siberia: 52,300, 400, (52,700) Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground. The plan called Wacht am Rhein ("Watch on the Rhine") was to attack through the Ardennes and swing north to Antwerp, splitting the American and British armies. : -Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: Collection of Articles. During the war, Swedish merchant shipping was attacked by both German and Soviet submarines; 2,000 merchant seamen were killed. WWII: Western Front Worksheets . 43,110 Germans killed or missing, 111,640 wounded, no information is provided on any who were captured. (1.5million in prewar 1937 Germany, (1958) A West German government demographic study estimated 2,225,000 civilians died during the flight during the war, post war expulsions and the, (1965), The search service of the German churches and Red Cross was able to confirm 473,013 civilian deaths in eastern Europe due to the expulsions, broken out as follows: 367,392 Poland (in post war borders); 18,889, (1966) The West German Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims issued a statement that put the number of expulsion dead at 2,111,000 (1,225,000 Germany in 1937 borders, (1985) A demographic analysis which has the support of the German government, estimated 2,020,000 civilians died during the post war expulsions and the, The German government currently maintains that 2.0million civilians perished in the flight and expulsion from Eastern Europe. "For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. Soon after, the Allies were racing across France. which are attributed to an increase in natural deaths from 1940 to 1945 and 1,650 foreign nationals killed while serving in the The Germans launched a second, smaller offensive (Nordwind) into Alsace on 1 January 1945. An additional 700,000 were taken prisoner by the Soviets were 50,000 died in forced labor in the USSR and Outer Mongolia. 1939 German Soldiers With Time To Spare Thresh Wheat In France Ww2 Photo 7X9 . [42] The British and Americans contemplated an airborne operation before the attack. This instance of tying prisoner's hands contributed to Hitler's decision to issue his Commando Order instructing that all captured Commandos or Commando-type personnel were to be executed as a matter of procedure. [6] Historian Rdiger Overmans of the Military History Research Office (Germany) published a study in 2000 that estimated the German military dead and missing at 5.3 million, including 900,000 men conscripted from outside of Germany's 1937 borders, in Austria, and in east-central Europe. Included in the figures of total war dead for each nation are victims of the Holocaust. Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945, Transaction 2007; Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. 5354. Both the Allies and Japanese also conscripted civilians to work as laborers and porters. Military dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 15,000 and 5,000 with German. The next month, the Germans launched the Battle of France . Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 19331945, WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2003; Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. On 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen. The attack was the debut of the Australian Imperial Force on the Western Front and, according to McMullin, "the worst 24 hours in Australia's entire history". There were 1,536 deaths among the 13,996 interned civilians in 194245. It was estimated that 200,000 soldiers died in World War II in the European theatre. Vietnamese sources put the number of deaths during the 194445 famine in North Vietnam at between 1 and 2million. The preliminary data for New Zealand losses was killed 10,033, missing 2,129, wounded 19,314 and. According to Erlikman, in addition to the war dead, there were 1,700,000 deaths due to Soviet repression (200,000 executed; 4,500,000 sent to prisons and Gulag of whom 1,200,000 died; 2,200,000 deported of whom 300,000 died). The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the. Generals Eisenhower and Bradley concluded that pushing beyond the Elbe made no sense since eastern Germany was destined in any case to be occupied by the Red Army. Defending the Ardennes were troops of the US First Army. & Jap. [nb 13]. Gurkha casualties can be broken down as: 8,985 killed or missing and 23,655 wounded. p. 30. Total losses reached an estimated 400,000 men. [258], The following is a summary of the data from the Soviet archives: It's all about the recipe. [147] [260] In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets. universitet, 2000; (Russian Academy of Sciences). Included with total war dead are victims of Japanese war crimes. 2, 2003, 300309 (26.6million), Lennart Lundberg Handelsflottan under andra vrldskriget p.9, Eiji Murashima, "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 194243 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence". Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725 (37,573 post armistice); France 2,060 (1,039 post armistice); Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p. 256. With an introd. Summary report (1947) Estimated that 252,769 Japanese were killed and 298,650 injured in the air war. "Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn: Dietz (3. Total losses were 420,000 British, 200,000 French . They encircled around 200,000 Germans in the Falaise Pocket. Bonin Islands: 2,700, 12,500, (15,200) On Utah Beach, U.S. troops suffered only 197 casualties, the lightest of any beach, when they accidentally landed in the wrong spot. Martin Gilbert estimates 5.7million (78%) of the 7.3million Jews in German-occupied Europe were Holocaust victims. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. The culmination of Allied counter-attacks restored the front line to the area of the German border and collapsed the Colmar Pocket. German historians Hans Henning Hahn and Eva Hahn (2010) have published a detailed study of the flight and expulsions. German efforts to interdict the Allies' trans-Atlantic trade at sea ignited the Battle of the Atlantic. An earlier estimate made in 1987 by Franciszek Proch of the Polish Association of Former Political Prisoners of Nazi and Soviet Concentration Camps estimated the total dead due to the Soviet occupation at 1,050,000. To this must be added the 263,000655,000 who died, giving a rough total of 8 million German soldiers having served on the Western Front in 19441945. E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations". Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. Long after the war, a myth persisted claiming the German military (or Wehrmacht) was not involved in the Holocaust and other crimes associated with Nazi genocidal policy. The number of partisans escalated during the final insurrection of April 1945. Since the collapse of the USSR, Polish scholars have been able to do research in the Soviet archives on Polish losses during the Soviet occupation. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Rdiger Overmans. These were built in anticipation of an Allied invasion of France. Germany: 157,621 casualties (27,074 dead (The final count of the German dead is possibly as high as 49,000 men when including the losses suffered by the Kriegsmarine, because of additional non-combat causes, the wounded who died of their injuries, and the missing who were confirmed as dead. Retrieved 4 March 2016. On the Eastern front, it was just the opposite; 5% of Germans taken prisoner by the Russians survived. A Russian historian in a handbook of human losses in the 20th century has provided the following assessment of Bulgarian casualties:Military deaths: 2,000 military Axis occupation forces in Yugoslavia and Greece; 10,124 dead, Military casualties with the pro-Japanese, Library and Archives Canada puts military losses at 44,090 (24,525 Army, 17,397 Air Force, 2,168 Navy. And Americans contemplated an airborne operation before the attack on any who were captured the preliminary for... 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