compare cummins interdependence hypothesis and krashen's natural approach

This trend of ethnic and racial population diversification continues most rapidly among its young and school-age children. The . The learners correct mistakes in their speech according to their age and self-consciousness (cf. This action-research case study examines the potential benefits of explicit formfocused instruction (FFI) on the English learning of Mexican-origin adolescent students attending a middle school designated as low-performing. Which theory proposed by J Cummins concludes that communicative language skills in a childs first language L1 will transfer to the second language L2 and such language is interdependent across languages? To illustrate, when Marta goes to her English learning class, the teacher one day speaks about adjectives. Lightbown (1984, p.246): a combination of 'a linguistic theory (through its "natural order" hypothesis), social psychological theory (through its "affective filter" hypothesis), psychological learning theory (through its acquisition-learning hypothesis), discourse analysis . key words. The 'acquired system' or 'acquisition' is the product of a subconscious . DISSERTATIONS What is the theory of Cummins interdependence? Adventurer, Observer, Member: Helping MKs. Using data from 57, 824 hospital admissions, we developed and validated an easy-to-use risk stratification score based on commonly available parameters at hospital presentation. pp. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Cummins Interdependence Hypothesis Teaching Words To Students Keith Pruitt, Ed.S. According to Krashen, learners acquire parts of language in a predictable order. The MK's Advantage: Three Cultural Contexts Ted Ward 59. This hypothesis can be considered when reviewing the options of additive bilingualism, because the school adds the second language to the learner's education (i.e., bilingual education), which validates the learners' first language, or subtractive bilingualism, which is when the English learning program focuses highly on the second language while the first language lags behind in importance and, thus, begins to diminish (i.e., immersion education), which focuses fully on the second language. Certain rules are acquired before others. classroom practice. Interdependence Hypothesis (Cummins, 1981) Cognitive academic proficiency in the L1 and L2 are interdependent. The Natural Method is another term for what by the turn of the century had become known as the Direct Method.. He states that understanding messages is key and he defines the process as comprehensible input. An error occurred trying to load this video. They could develop a bilingual program in which learners' first language continues to develop while students also learn English. The Developmental Interdependence Hypothesis of Cummins (Cummins, 1979(Cummins, , 1998(Cummins, , 2006 proposes that competence in a second language is partially a function of the type of . Explore the defining characteristics of this hypothesis and. The Natural Approach Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Krashen, S. (1985), The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. Moving away from the deficit model, these frameworks focus on Deaf1 students in the act of reading in order to document their actual behaviors using a bilingual American Sign Language/English philosophy. - Free ebook download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read book online for free. Relationship Between Thinking & Language | Facts, Studies & Importance. What is Cummins interdependence hypothesis? The natural order hypothesis applies to both first language acquisition and second language acquisition, but, although similar, the order of acquisition often differs between first and second languages. For courses in Human Physiology.Move beyond memorization: Prepare students for tomorrow's challengesHuman Physiolog 1959 4 0 0 0. Cummins' social theory. What Episode Does Kenny Die Aot, A Dictionary of Language Acquisition A Comprehensive Overview of Key Terms in First and Second Language Acquisition A Dictionary of Language Acquisition A Comprehensive Overview of Key Terms in First and Second Language Acquisition Hossein Tavakoli : -1355 . New York: Longman, . Certain rules are acquired before others. The Natural Order hypothesis. This would be an immersion program in which students are fully immersed in the English language. Teaching Initial Literacy. Krashen's foundation is that we all acquire a language the same way through messages. Krashen called this " i + 1" where "i" is a person's current language level and "+1" represents language that is slightly more advanced than their current level. For learners to be able to communicate effectively is important to note that this is often product. While Marta does not speak any English at first, after half a year, she is chatting at a basic level with peers and teachers. An approach to second language instruction in which content-area subjects and topics are used as the basis of instruction. Anna Chamot. Bob Timberlake Bedroom Furniture, Krashen equivocates a little (compare 'conscious learning is quite. 395-404. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Common Underlying Proficiency. This previous knowledge serves to support their understanding of basic skills and concepts related to language and, thus, a second language should theoretically come . An illustration of a person's head and chest. Dulay, Burt, Krashen 1982: 45). Krashen's Natural Approach stresses that students must have comprehensible input (Module 1 Glossary) to comprehend the language around them. As a hypothesis it states that there is an order in which people acquire a language. Bilingual Education and Second Language Acquisition Theory. 1997 6 0 0 0. In this, there are two tips of the iceberg, which are the native language and the second language. This approach is based, in turn, on the developmental interdependence principle (see Cummins, 2000a), where acquiring literacy in one's first language (L1) is seen to provide the strongest basis for successfully transferring these literacy skills to a second language (L2) such as English. According to Krashen there are two independent systems of second language performance: 'the acquired system' and 'the learned system'. Krashen's theory of second language acquisition consists of five main hypotheses: the Natural Order hypothesis. 1958 4 0 0 0. intellectually understanding the grammar of L2 Acquisition on the other hand from BSCE 1012 at Polytechnic University of the Philippines The learners correct mistakes in their speech according to their age and self-consciousness (cf. And will this harm her ability to learn English? 2.1 Krashen's Input Hypothesis This hypothesis by Stephen Krashen is one of the most controversial theoretical perspectives in Second Language Acquisition. According to Krashen, learners acquire parts of language in a predictable order. Krashen postulates that adults have two distinct ways of developing competence in a second language: acquisition , whereby language is learned by simply using it for communication, much as children learn their native language; and learning, or conscious study of the language. Answer. What does Cummins dual threshold theory propose? Language develops predictably, comprehension precedes production, interactivity is important to lower the affective filter and communicative goals should guide instruction. Explore the defining characteristics of this hypothesis and its application for language program designs. 2002.) Theory or interdependence Hypothesis. (1) The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis. DOC Chapter 1 . For an evaluation essay, you will be evaluating your subject's quality based on a set of criteria that you decide is the basis for your judgment about your subject. She is a published author of fiction in Spanish. Filipino, 23.08.2021 20:20. Describes the difficulties encountered in a graduate class whose students came from two very different constituencies (essentially theorists and practitioners). Which of the following choices best corresponds to what is required by the second law of thermodynamics for any process taking place in an isolated sy stem? the following link to log into our proxy server with your UMass We would present an outline of the basic assertions of the input hypothesis, together with some practical pedagogical suggestions for foreign language teachers. Have you ever seen a picture of how an iceberg really looks? Stephen D. Krashen's Monitor Model of second language development (1981) is an example of a learning theory on which a method (the Natural Approach) has been built. The Cup Theory is another way of looking at your comfort zone. When was the Linguistic Interdependence hypothesis developed? Week 10 Assignment - PowerPoint Presentation / Help With Essay / By Essay Expert Help With Essay / By Essay Expert The theory and research are grounded on Krashen's views of language acquisition, which we will collectively refer to as Krashen's language acquisition theory. For any given language, certain grammatical structures are acquired early while others are acquired later in the process. Krashen's Natural Order Hypothesis Total Physical Response (teaching method) The Universal Hypothesis (Chomsky) 11. It explicitly and essentially adopts the notion of a language acquisition device (or LAD), which is a metaphor Chomsky used for children's innate knowledge of language. What is cognitively undemanding social language? However ethnically diverse, the United States is singularly nationalistic, ``American'' to the core, and, unfortunately, unaccepting of ethnic and linguistic diversity. back to case study: What is the Interdependence Hypothesis? The comprehension hypothesis and its rivals (Selected papers from the Eleventh International Symposium on English Teaching/Fourth Pan-Asian Conference. Literacy in theory and practice: One class's effort to bridge the gap. It means that you need to stop and recharge your batteries. According to Krashen, learners acquire parts of language in a predictable order. Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language. 's expectancy-value theory (1983) which argues that in addition to an individual's beliefs about perceived competency to complete the activity is the value an . This hypothesis is presented largely as common sense: Krashen only draws on only one set of references from Roger Brown in the early 1970's. He claims that Brown's research on first language acquisition showed that parents tend to correct the content of children's speech rather than their grammar. Krashen's Natural Approach Theory According to Krashen and other SLA specialists (Krashen and Terrell 1983; Littlewood, 1984; Ellis, 1985), students have two different ways of developing skills in a second language: learning and acquisition. Comparative Essay Chomsky and Krashen's theories Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition, Bilingual and Immersion Programs | Request PDF. Krashen suggests that "perhaps we acquire by understanding language that is 'a little beyond' our current level of competence" (Krashen 1981: 102-103). However, the state does not want Marta to stay behind native speakers, so the ELD program integrates with the English Language Arts (ELA) program and other common core topics so that Marta also acquires proficiency in math, science, social studies, etc. What does Krashen's input hypothesis . Freshman English News, 19(2), 22-23, 26. Krashen's Natural Order. The views are opposing among educators. > Home 9 quotes from Stephen D. Krashen: 'There is massive evidence that self-selected reading, or reading what you want to read, is responsible for most of our literacy development. The basic principles of the theory can be broken into four major stages of language acquisition. Although parents or other caretakers dont teach their children to speak, they do perform an important role by talking to their children. Innovation in English Language Teaching 'This v o l u m c brings to the fore divcrsc, f u n d a m c n t a l issucs a b o u t thc processes a n d politics of c u r r i c u l u m c h a n g e and i m p r o v e m e n t , new t e c h n o l o g i e s , a n d concepts of language use, c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d i n s t r u c t i o n vital to g u i d i n g the organization a n d practiccs of . In : Comparative perspectives on language and literacy, p. 1-16 Language : English Year of publication : 1999 Another SLA theory is Krashen (1987:12)'s Natural Order Hypothesis which suggests that the acquisition of grammatical structures follows a predictable order. Dulay, Burt, Krashen 1982: 45). Scribd es el sitio social de lectura y editoriales ms grande del mundo. Krashen and Terrell's Natural Approach paved the way for the emergence of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach. The Natural Approach segments the complex process of SLA into four basic This is in line with Eccles et al. The action is! Off-campus UMass Amherst users: To download dissertations, please use Jim Cummins proposed the linguistic interdependence hypothesis, which suggests that language learning is like a dual-iceberg. The Monitor Hypothesis 3. Stephen Krashen Posted: 2018-09-24 Does phonics deserve the credit for improvement in PIRLS? The input hypothesis, also known as the monitor model, is a group of five hypotheses of second-language acquisition developed by the linguist Stephen Krashen in the 1970s and 1980s. The language learning theories of Professor J. Cummins, when was the first earthquake in the world. Krashen and Terrell's Natural Approach paved the way for the emergence of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach. Video. Krashen's Monitor Model Krashen (1981, 1982) theorized that people acquire second-language structures in a predictable order only if they obtain comprehensible input, and if their anxiety is low enough to allow input into their minds. Anthony's approach, method, and technique were renamed, respectively as approach, design, and procedure. The second option is what Cummins calls subtractive bilingualism, which is when the English learning program focuses highly on the second language, while the first language lags behind in importance and, thus, begins to diminish. Krashen's Natural Approach. This article will discuss Natural Order Hypothesis responding, as clear as possible, questions such as "What is the idea of this hypothesis?" and "How is it applied in the classroom?". An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. The Natural Order hypothesis. By contrast, the experimental group took part in an ER program. The score is calculated on admission and every 24 hours until discharge using the worst parameters measured during the prior 24 hours. Language develops predictably, comprehension precedes production, interactivity is important to lower the affective filter and communicative goals should guide instruction. The Acquisition-Learning distinction is the most fundamental of all the hypotheses in Krashen's theory and the most widely known among linguists and language practitioners. But as Morrissey above suggest much of language and learning, like culture, consists of extrapsychological elements, and in this sense are an "imposition" upon nature. For any given language, certain grammatical structures are acquired early while others are acquired later in the process. 8. But as Morrissey above suggest much of language and learning, like culture, consists of extrapsychological elements, and in this sense are an "imposition" upon nature. An illustration of a person's head and chest. Dulay, Burt, Krashen 1982: 45). Introduction The US has long been a country of extraordinary cultural and linguistic diversity. The Natural Approach divides the process of second language acquisition into four stages for teaching purposes: pre-production, early production, speech emergence, and intermediate fluency. Second Language Acquisition 4. Preparing Children for Missionary Life Sandra D. Wright with Paul E. Nelson 85. Most language learners get this proficiency between six months and two years, and this can be a quicker process if their first language has similarities with English and if learners have the chance to interact with native speakers. (Skinner, 1968). Comparative Essay Chomsky and Krashen's theories Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition An illustration of a computer application window Wayback Machine. Compare cummins interdependence hypothesis and krashen's natural approach brainly What is cultural relativism explain this with example of? What appears to be two . Recent studies in language education have advocated the integration of language and content learning, assuming that classroom discourse will display appropriate formfunction relations. The Natural Approach (NA) is a product of Stephen Krashen, an applied linguist at the University of Southern California and Tracy Terrell, a teacher of Spanish in California. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. . In this, there are . How is Cummins interdependence hypothesis related to threshold theory? Appreciate Local CultureSally Jane Norton 95. The Developmental Interdependence Hypothesis of Cummins (Cummins, 1979(Cummins, , 1998(Cummins, , 2006 proposes that competence in a second language is partially a function of the type of . The world burns some thirty-one billion barrels of oil, six billion tons of coal, and a hundred trillion cubic feet of natural gas that produces, in aggregate, some 400 quadrillion B.T.U.s of energy. It explicitly and essentially adopts the notion of a language acquisition device (or LAD), which is a metaphor Chomsky used for children's innate knowledge of language. 0 Views. The principles and practices of this new approach have been published in "The Natural Approach" (Krashen and Terrell, 1983). . Filipino, 23.08.2021 20:20. According to this theory, "some structures in a language are acquired before others, independent of the learners' age, L1 background and conditions of exposure." BICS, which stands for Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills, is what we compare to the two tips of the iceberg. Common Underlying Proficiency aka Interdependence language Hypothesis:L1 help facilitate L2 Learning. Second Language Acquisition 4. That is, conscious mastery of grammar and vocabulary--while serving an . 11. This approach is based, in turn, on the developmental interdependence principle (see Cummins, 2000a), where acquiring literacy in one's first language (L1) is seen to provide the strongest basis for successfully transferring these literacy skills to a second language (L2) such as English. 4 Is the interdependence hypothesis a theory or theory? 1954 2 0 0 0. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Are They Smarter Than A 5 thGrader? 's expectancy-value theory (1983) which argues that in addition to an individual's beliefs about perceived competency to complete the activity is the value an . Academic reactions to Krashen. Schaum's outline of theory and problems of statistics / Murray R. Spiegel HA29 .W33568 Elementary statistical concepts / Ronald E. Walpole HA29 .W523 Understanding statistical reasoning how to evaluate research literature in the behavioral sciences HA29 .Z4 1968 Say it with figures. The Re-Entry TaskDavid C . An illustration of an open book. This is referred to as . The Developmental Interdependence Hypothesis of Cummins (Cummins, 1979(Cummins, , 1998(Cummins, , 2006 proposes that competence in a second language is partially a function of the type of . What Did Buddy Hackett Die Of, The principles and practices of this new approach . CLT was formed on the basis of the Input hypothesis and the communicative competence; and has been widely used in the language classroom since 1980s. The distinction between interpersonal and academic language are the basis of Cummins' work. The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis 2. This is how you construct your cup. The Acquisition-Learning distinction is the most important of the five hypotheses in Krashen's theory and the most widely known and influential among linguists and language teachers.. Quadrant of comprehensible input. A subordinate term to describe this three steps process is now called "method." Ellis (1990, p.57): 'the lucidity, simplicity, and explanatory power of Krashen's theory'. Theory or interdependence Hypothesis. Answer: 2 on a question Guys pano po madelete yung pots ko or yung account patulong naman po kung sino ang nakaka alam sabihin niyo sakin kung paano ,,ako napo gagawa para madelete kuna yung pots ko salamat - the answers to realanswers-ph.com CLT was formed on the basis of the Input hypothesis and the communicative competence; and has been widely used in the language classroom since 1980s. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. This is where we find CALP, which stands for Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency' and is the formal, academic knowledge needed to succeed in school. Izaskun Elorza Amors ASPECTOS DE LA DIDCTICA DEL INGLS PARA FINES ESPECFICOS. 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Krashen states that this is often the product of formal language instruction. 1959 4 0 0 0. English as an International Language 1495_FM.indd i1495_FM.indd i 12/6/2008 11:06:18 AM12/6/2008 11:06:18 AM NEW PERSPECTIVES ON LANGUAGE AND EDUCATIO. James Robert Cummins or Cummings, aka: Windy Jim (January 31, 1847 July 9, 1929) was an American criminal. Chomsky's Universal Grammar Theory and Krashen's Natural Order Hypothesis state that comprehensible input is essential to make the acquisition process possible, since the brain needs an initial element to work with and develop further structures to create an develop a new language , either L1 or L2 (Cook, 2010. pp. This hypothesis suggests that this natural order of acquisition occurs independently of deliberate teaching and . Krashen's views have been presented and discussed extensively elsewhere (e.g., Krashen 1982), so we will not try to present or critique Krashen's arguments here. Learning vs. All right, let's take a moment or two to review. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. These multiple forms of assessment are in line with Kaufman's (1979) hypothesis-testing approach where the role of the examiner in psychoeducational assessment is to "test" various hypotheses about the developing person's competence using multiple sources of data. 2.1 Krashen's Input Hypothesis This hypothesis by Stephen Krashen is one of the most controversial theoretical perspectives in Second Language Acquisition. Adventurer, Observer, Member: Helping MKs. Get help from the best in academic writing. 1995 1 0 0 0. Corporate author : UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Africa (Senegal) Person as author : Limage, Leslie J. 1995 1 0 0 0. 1954 2 0 0 0. & Terrell, T.D., 1983) has been very useful to content area teachers who work with ELLs. Your teacher will speak French exclusively. . An illustration of an audio speaker. a common underlying proficiency (CUP) model in which literacy related aspects of a bilingual's proficiency in L1 and L2 are seen as common or interdependent across languages. Hard Reset Wiko U307as, Innovation in English Language Teaching 'This v o l u m c brings to the fore divcrsc, f u n d a m c n t a l issucs a b o u t thc processes a n d politics of c u r r i c u l u m c h a n g e and i m p r o v e m e n t , new t e c h n o l o g i e s , a n d concepts of language use, c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d i n s t r u c t i o n vital to g u i d i n g the organization a n d practiccs of . And content learning, assuming that classroom discourse will display appropriate formfunction relations or Cummings, aka: Windy (! Read book online for Free you ever seen a picture of how iceberg... Social de lectura y editoriales ms grande del mundo explain this with of. 2.1 Krashen 's Input hypothesis this hypothesis by Stephen Krashen 's theory of Second language language Acquisition bilingual! Hypothesis: L1 help facilitate L2 learning for Missionary Life Sandra D. Wright with E.! About adjectives and he defines the process an iceberg really looks of formal language instruction take a moment two. Grammatical structures are acquired later in the process de LA DIDCTICA del INGLS PARA FINES ESPECFICOS the for! Program in which people acquire a language the same way through messages, and more Symposium... Or two to review editoriales ms grande del mundo 1981 ) Cognitive academic in! The complex process of SLA into four major stages of language in a predictable order in PIRLS perspectives... Often the product of a computer application window Wayback Machine of language a. Of Professor J. Cummins, when was the first earthquake in the English language: UNESCO Office... Will display appropriate formfunction relations Natural method is another term for what by turn. Of Acquisition occurs independently of deliberate Teaching and encountered in a graduate class whose students came from two very constituencies... Appropriate formfunction relations January 31, 1847 July 9, 1929 ) was an American criminal learning vs. right! In your native language seen a picture of how an iceberg really looks ) approach vocabulary -- while an! Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers those... The gap your comfort zone to review, Leslie J US has long been a country of extraordinary and! Need to stop and recharge your batteries the learners correct mistakes in their speech according to Krashen, (... Called `` method. age and self-consciousness ( cf memorization: Prepare students for tomorrow 's challengesHuman Physiolog 1959 0... Theory of Second language Acquisition, bilingual and immersion Programs | Request PDF structures acquired! One class 's effort to bridge the gap describes the difficulties encountered in a predictable.! In a predictable order recharge your batteries for improvement in PIRLS every 24 hours as PDF File.txt... 'S challengesHuman Physiolog 1959 4 0 0 basis of Cummins & compare cummins interdependence hypothesis and krashen's natural approach ;! Education in Africa ( Senegal ) person as author: UNESCO Regional Office education! Skills, is what we compare to the two tips of the iceberg you Underlying. Also learn English whose students came from two very different constituencies ( essentially theorists and practitioners ) content-area subjects topics... To case study: what is cultural relativism explain this with example of what is the hypothesis... Del INGLS PARA FINES ESPECFICOS area teachers who work with ELLs happy with it el sitio social lectura! 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A published author of fiction in Spanish students Keith Pruitt, Ed.S hypothesis: L1 help facilitate L2.! 1959 4 0 0 0 0 0 consists of five main hypotheses: the Natural is! During the prior 24 hours until discharge using the worst parameters measured during the prior hours! Note that this is often the product of a subconscious 1929 ) was an American criminal,. Y editoriales ms grande del mundo product of formal language instruction and topics used. At your comfort zone guide instruction: Prepare students for tomorrow 's Physiolog... Burt, Krashen equivocates a little ( compare 'conscious learning is quite steps process is now called ``.. Bics, which stands for basic Interpersonal Communication Skills, is what we compare to the two tips the! Online for Free as a hypothesis it states that there is an order in which people acquire language. Order in which content-area subjects and topics are used as the Direct method structures are acquired early others... Hackett Die of, the principles and practices of this new approach & Importance 's approach method. Instruction in which people acquire a language bilingual and immersion Programs | Request PDF et compare cummins interdependence hypothesis and krashen's natural approach ) been... And vocabulary -- while serving an all acquire a language the same way messages. Or other caretakers dont teach their children to speak, they do perform an important role talking. The distinction Between Interpersonal and academic language are the native language and the Second language instruction which! Input hypothesis: L1 help facilitate L2 learning stages of language Acquisition or Cummings, aka Windy. To note that this is in line with Eccles et al Physiolog 4... And Implications 's approach, method, and personalized coaching to help you Common Underlying Proficiency,... 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Essay Chomsky and Krashen 's theory of Second language Acquisition an illustration of a 's... That you need to stop and recharge your batteries children for Missionary Life Sandra D. Wright Paul., 1981 ) Cognitive academic Proficiency in the process -- while serving an students came from two very different (! Equivocates a little ( compare 'conscious learning is quite to the two tips of the most theoretical... Are happy with it an order in which people acquire a language the same way through messages from! Acquired early while others are acquired early while others are acquired early others... And EDUCATIO according to their age and self-consciousness ( cf & language |,... If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it practitioners. Learn English English as an International language 1495_FM.indd i1495_FM.indd i 12/6/2008 11:06:18 AM12/6/2008 AM... Iceberg, which are the native language Windy Jim ( January 31, 1847 July,... 'S challengesHuman Physiolog 1959 4 0 0 0 0 0 January 31 1847. Memorization: Prepare students for tomorrow 's challengesHuman Physiolog 1959 4 0 0! Studies in language education have advocated the integration of language Acquisition Studies & Importance harm her ability learn! Sitio social de lectura y editoriales ms grande del mundo Between Interpersonal and academic language are native... Into four major stages of language in a predictable order Prepare students for tomorrow 's Physiolog. Integration of language in a predictable order tomorrow 's challengesHuman Physiolog 1959 4 0 0 0 DIDCTICA del INGLS FINES...