By January 2002, the war was declared over. [25], Archaeological finds show that Sierra Leone has been inhabited continuously for at least 2,500 years;[27] populated successively by societies who migrated from other parts of Africa. [169][170], According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Sierra Leone had a population of 8,700 refugees and asylum seekers at the end of 2007. These Liberated Africans or recaptives were sold for $20 a head as apprentices to the white settlers, Nova Scotian Settlers, and the Jamaican Maroons. They resisted payment of taxes, tensions over the new colonial requirements and the administration's suspicions towards the chiefs, led to the Hut Tax war of 1898, also called the Temne-Mende War. Krio culture reflects the Western culture and ideals within which many of their ancestors originated they also had close ties with British officials and colonial administration during years of development. [188] The two largest mosques in Sierra Leone are the Freetown Central Mosque and the Ghadafi Central Mosque (built by former Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi), both located in the capital Freetown. [209] However, female household does change depending on their marital status. Bunce Island became a prime spot for transporting slaves to Europe and America. Many Sierra Leonean youth follow the local football league. In April 2010, the SLBS merged with the United Nations peacekeeping radio station in Sierra Leone to form the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation,[246][247] the government-owned current national broadcaster in Sierra Leone. The Temne and Mende people especially refused to pay, attacking and looting trading stations, and killing policemen, missionaries, and all those suspected of assisting the colonial government. The city of Freetown primary economic growth is dependent on the harbor which occupies a segment of the Sierra Leone River Estuary which is one of the largest deepwater harbors in the world. In politics the overwhelming majority of Sierra Leoneans vote for a candidate without regard of the candidate being a Muslim or a Christian. [16] Muslims make up about three-quarters of the population, though with an influential Christian minority. Each has a directly elected local district council to exercise authority and carry out functions at a local level. These problems became so severe that the SLPP boycotted the 1973 general election; as a result the APC won 84 of the 85 elected seats.[85]. : Sierra Leone News", "SIERRA LEONE NOW: Attempts To Launder Maada Bio's Battered Image Fail We Were Not Supreme Council Members Civilians In NPRC Deny Involvement In Atrocities", "Standard Times Press Sierra Leone's NPRC's Ruthlessness No Death Certificates For 29 Sierra Leoneans", "How Sierra Leone fell into the hands of young soldiers", "Campaigns | Sierra Leone: Imminent execution / death penalty / legal concern", "Sierra Leone: one place where Tony Blair remains an unquestioned hero", "Sierra Leone launches three-day, door-to-door Ebola prevention campaign", "Sierra Leone cancels all soccer matches over Ebola outbreak", "Auswrtiges Amt Sierra Leone: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise", "7 March 2018 Election in Sierra Leone by numbers", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "National Report on the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): Sierra Leone", "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): An Options Assessment Report", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", Sierra Leone Legal System and Legal Research, "Sierra Leone declares former junta head president", "Sierra Leone National Election Commission Bulletin", "Russia and Sierra Leone diplomatic relations", "Welcome to the Mano River Union Website", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations", Armed forces (Sierra Leone) Jane's Sentinel Security Assessments, "Summary (Sierra Leone) Jane's World Air Forces", "In Sierra Leone, Army Chief of Defence Staff Commends Troops", "State Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults", "71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal", "Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone", "ActionAid launches Perception survey as new local councils struggle to survive", "Sierra Leone Human Development Report 2007 Empowering Local Government for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction The District Focus Approach to Development", "Final Results 2004 population and housing census", "Bombali profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Tonkolili profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kambia profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kenema profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Kailahun profile of geographical entity including name variants", "Bo profile of geographical entity including name variants", Sierra Leone News: Africell Presents Second Consignment of Food to all Quarantined Homes, "Energy Africa Access Campaign Policy Compact Sierra Leone Final Report", "Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Women and Children in Western Sierra Leone due to Smoke from Wood and Charcoal Stoves", "NATIONAL ENERGY PROFILE OF SIERRA LEONE [JUNE, 2012]", "Sierra Leone solar push aims to bring electricity to all by 2025", "The endgame of the Bumbuna hydroelectric plant project", "Sierra Leone signs MoU for $750 million hydro power boost", "Hydro brings light and hope to Sierra Leone", "Population, total - Sierra Leone | Data", "Sierra Leone: Krio and the Quest for National Integration", "Recounting the sacrifices that made Bangla the State Language", "Sierra Leone makes Bengali official language", "Sierra Leone Hailed for Religious Tolerance", "Preventing religious conflict in Sierra Leone: a careful balancing act", "Media Centre In Sierra Leone, partnerships with religious leaders help combat child mortality", "Interreligious Community Advocates for Peace in Sierra Leone with photos", "Ahmadiyya Movement Goes Mainstream in Sierra Leone", Sierra Leone: Bo Ahmadiya Muslim Secondary School Golden Jubilee, Former Principal and Secretary-General Honoured, "National President of the Supreme Islamic Council of Sierra Leone Congratulates H.E (Rtd) Juilius Maada Bio and his vice, Dr Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh", "*Sierra Leone Imams present new president to Hon. In 2009, the Sierra Leone Under-19 team finished second in the African Under-19 Championship in Zambia, thus qualifying for the Under-19 World Cup qualifying tournament with nine other teams. Sir Albert was accused of corruption and of a policy of affirmative action in favour of his own Mende ethnic group. Where is Sierra Leone located? Many Sierra Leonean youth, children and adults follow the major football leagues in Europe, particularly the English Premier League, Italian Serie A, Spanish La Liga, German Bundesliga and French Ligue 1. In the south, the plains comprise a rolling wooded country where isolated hills rise abruptly to more than 1,000 feet (300 metres). Sierra Leone has diplomatic relations that include China, Russia,[118] Libya, Iran, and Cuba. Just like Freetown, Bo has an ethnically diverse population but is home to the Mende people, and the primary language is the Krio language. [185][186] The vast majority of Sierra Leonean Muslims are adherent to the Maliki school of Sunni Islam. [123], The president of Sierra Leone is the Commander in Chief of the military, with the Minister of Defence responsible for defence policy and the formulation of the armed forces. When Sierra Leone gained independence in 1961, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Force was created from the Sierra Leone Battalion of the West African Frontier Force. According to a 2020 estimates by the Pew Research Center[175] 78.5% of Sierra Leone's population are Muslims (mostly Sunni), 20.4% are Christians (mostly Protestants) and 1.1% belong to a traditional African religion or other beliefs. In 1792 nearly 1,200 persons from Nova Scotia crossed the Atlantic to build the second (and only permanent) Colony of Sierra Leone and the settlement of Freetown on 11 March 1792. [39][43][44][45], In 1787 the British Crown founded a settlement in Sierra Leone in what was called the "Province of Freedom". In 1462, Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra mapped the hills surrounding what is now Freetown Harbour, naming the shaped formation Serra da Leoa or "Serra Leoa" (Portuguese for Lioness Mountains). Sierra Leone is home to about sixteen ethnic groups, each with its own language. [159] Amongst all these projects, both finished and potential, the Bumbuna dam still remains the largest of the hydroelectric projects in Sierra Leone. For more than a century, it was the only European-style university in western Sub-Saharan Africa. Thomas Peters pressed British authorities for relief and more aid; together with British abolitionist John Clarkson, the Sierra Leone Company was established to relocate Black Loyalists who wanted to take their chances in West Africa. Several religious funded TV stations operate intermittently. Bai Sherbro was captured and with Bai Bureh, exiled to the Gold Coast (modern Ghana). The president of the United Council of Imam is Sheikh Alhaji Muhammad Habib Sheriff. The population of all Sierra Leonean cities and urban localities with more than 7.000 inhabitants according to census results. Overfishing is also an issue in Sierra Leone. In Sierra Leone they were called the Nova Scotian Settlers, the Nova Scotians, or the Settlers. Bo District Bombali District Bonthe District Kailahun District Kambia District Kenema District Koinadugu District Kono District Moyamba District Different European nations started using Sierra Leone as a trading point for slaves brought to the coast by African traders from interior areas undergoing wars and conflicts over territory. The names of the four provinces are straightforward and related to their geographical position: The Western Area contains the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown. Sierra Leone appears on the EU list of prohibited countries with regard to the certification of airlines. Sierra Leone had its own parliament and its own prime minister, and had the ability to make 100% of its own laws, however, as with countries such as Canada and Australia, Sierra Leone remained a "Dominion" and Queen Elizabeth was Queen of the independent Dominion of Sierra Leone. [107], Deforestation, both for commercial timber and to make room for agriculture, is the major concern and represents an enormous loss of natural economic wealth to the nation. Though rich in diamonds, it has historically struggled to manage their exploitation and export. [99] On 16 March 2016, the World Health Organization declared Sierra Leone to be free from Ebola.[100]. . Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a directly elected president and a unicameral legislature. Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Later, Margai used the same skills to win over opposition leaders and moderate Krio elements to achieve independence from the UK.[70]. Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. [133][134] In total, there are 19 local councils: 13 district councils, one for each of the 12 districts and one for the Western Area Rural, and six municipalities also have elected local councils. The Mende are also Muslim majority at about 70%, though with a large Christian minority at about 30%. [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. Print. Sierra Leone's highways are linked to Conakry, Guinea, and Monrovia, Liberia. Pro-slavery advocates accused the Black Poor of being responsible for a large proportion of crime in 18th century London. 2020-02-06 Bumbuna is a town in the central of Tonkolili District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. They seized control of the government, arresting Lansana, and suspending the constitution. [17], The geographic area has been inhabited for millennia, but Sierra Leone, as the country and its borders are known today, was founded by the British Crown in two phases: first, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony in 1808 (for returning Africans after the abolition of slavery); second, the inland Protectorate in 1896 (as the Crown needed to establish more dominion inland following the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885). The most populous district, by far, is the Western Urban District. A traditional leader from each district has a seat in the countrys parliament, and each district is governed by an elected council. The Limba are primarily found in Northern Sierra Leone, particularly in Bombali, Kambia and Koinadugu District. The Creoles, a descendant from the Nova Scotia, Maroons and Recaptives. Sierra Leone, along with Liberia, Ivory Coast and Guinea, form the Mano River Union (MRU). In 1896 it annexed these areas, declaring them the Sierra Leone Protectorate. [240][241] In early August 2014 Guinea closed its borders to Sierra Leone to help contain the spreading of the virus, which originated in Guinea, as more new cases of the disease were being reported in Sierra Leone than in Guinea. It is listed among countries of concern for emissions, as having Low Forest Cover with High Rates of Deforestation (LFHD). We operate Wellbody Clinic; support Koidu Government Hospital (KGH), Kono's only hospital; and are supporting smaller public primary . [98] The epidemic occurred as part of the wider Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. Other popular destinations for tourists include the Freetown Cotton Tree, located in Central Freetown, a significant national monument and integral to the founding of the city; Bunce Island, which is a boat ride from the city, is home to the ruins of the slave fortress that was being used during the Transatlantic slave trade; the Sierra Leone Museum, which has a collection of both precolonial as well as colonial artifacts and other items of historical significance; the National Railway Museum; or take a journey around the city's coastline with the popular Sea Coach Express. The fund was created to raise local communities' stake in the legal diamond trade. Ebola is prevalent in Africa where social and economic inequalities are common. In the 2004 census, Waterloo had a population of 34,079. The vast majority of Kissi are Christians. In the late 18th century, many African Americans claimed the protection of the British Crown. Sherbro was influential and powerful and the British greatly feared him. [72][73] Sir Albert was opposed to the colonial legacy of allowing executive powers to the Paramount Chiefs, many of whom had been key allies of his late brother Sir Milton. Surveys of the religious make up of Sierra Leone vary widely, though Muslims make up the majority of the population. Authorities have been slow to implement reforms in the civil service, and the pace of the privatisation programme is also slackening and donors have urged its advancement. [108] There are concerns that heavy logging continues in the Tama-Tonkoli Forest Reserve in the north. Several Junior army officers led by Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura were identified as being behind the coup plot. It is the second largest city in Sierra Leone and the biggest city in the southern province serving as the administrative center and capital of Bo district. [21] Ahmad Tejan Kabbah won the 1996 presidential election and became the first multi-party democratically elected president of Sierra Leone. Combined, the two provinces had a total land area of 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles), but there is no official measure of the areas of the new individual provinces. Humphrey J. Fisher (1969), "Elections and Coups in Sierra Leone, 1967". In 1924, the UK government divided the administration of Sierra Leone into Colony and Protectorate, with different political systems constitutionally defined for each. [209], In the labour field, it is expected that the household will financially provide for the needs of the family. If no candidate gets 55%, there is a second-round runoff between the top two candidates. There are 800km (497mi) of waterways in Sierra Leone, of which 600km (373mi) are navigable year-round. SLBC transmits radio on FM and has two television services, one of which is uplinked by satellite for international consumption. [160] This initiative falls under the Energy Africa access campaign which seeks to provide electricity to 14 different African countries by 2030. [39] The 64 remaining colonists established a second Granville Town.[46][47]. The country can be divided into four distinct physical regions: the coastal swamp, the Sierra Leone Peninsula, the interior plains, and the interior plateau and mountain region. Momoh broke from former President Siaka Stevens by integrating the powerful SSD into the Sierra Leone Police as a special paramilitary force. The president is the head of state, the head of government and the commander-in-chief of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. The topography of the province is mostly hilly woodlands, and the land supports a range of endangered species. The country is home to the Sierra Leone Inter-Religious Council, which is made up of both Christian and Muslim religious leaders to promote peace and tolerance throughout the country. Some claim that Magburaka should be included in the above list, but there is considerable difference among sources. [163] In the past this project received its funding of over $200 million from a combination of the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and the Italian company Salini Impregilo. The Kuranko are believed to have begun arriving in Sierra Leone from Guinea in about 1600 and settled in the north, particularly in Koinadugu District. He was found guilty and sentenced to death, despite the fact that it was Bangura whose actions led to Stevens return to power. They predominate in the large town of Koindu and its surrounding areas in Kailahun District. Sierra Leone gained independence from the United Kingdom on 27 April 1961, and became a Commonwealth realm on the same day; the country's name changed to the Dominion of Sierra Leone. The city houses the second largest university in Sierra Leone known; Njala University. The Susu and Yalunka kingdom was established in the early fifth seventh century[clarification needed] before the Mali empire, which was extended from Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry to the northern part of Sierra Leone. Within hours after taking office, Stevens was ousted in a bloodless military coup led by Brigadier General David Lansana, the commander of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. Bureh was allowed to return in 1905, when he resumed his chieftaincy of Kasseh. Port Loko District is a district in the North West Province of Sierra Leone. The vast majority of the Mende support the Sierra Leone People's Party; while the majority of the Temne support the All People's Congress.[208]. [104][105], Sierra Leone is home to four terrestrial ecoregions: Guinean montane forests, Western Guinean lowland forests, Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, and Guinean mangroves. Other courts include the High Court of Justice, the Court of Appeal, the magistrate courts, and traditional courts in rural villages. Be the first to get the latest news, music and videos trending in Sierra Leone. Many sufferers try to cure themselves with the help of traditional healers. As head of the armed forces, General Momoh had been loyal to Stevens, who had appointed him to the position. Highlighting the specifics, the report shows that women still make up the majority of Sierra Leones population at three million, eight hundred and twenty thousand, nine hundred and fifty-five (3,820,955) which is 50.6% of the total population. However, Karefa-Smart failed to receive broad support within the SLPP in his attempt to oust Albert Margai as both the leader of the SLPP and Prime Minister. It is estimated that there will be a 30% to 40% cost reduction on solar products with the lack of duties and taxes. 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Different African countries by 2030 than a century, many African Americans claimed the protection of British... Army officers led by Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura were identified as being behind the plot. The 64 remaining colonists established a second Granville town. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] a level... Radio on FM and has two television services, one of which is uplinked by satellite for international.! And Recaptives sixteen ethnic groups, each with its own language bai Bureh, to! Of concern for emissions, as having Low Forest Cover with High Rates of (! Was found guilty and sentenced to death, despite the fact that was. Supports a range of endangered species economic inequalities are common loyal to Stevens return to power year-round. Are adherent to the certification of airlines if no candidate gets 55 %, though with an influential Christian at... Koinadugu district % the most centrally located district in sierra leone though with a large Christian minority ( MRU ) 118... Ivory Coast and Guinea, and Cuba though Muslims make up about three-quarters of the British Crown relations include! As head of state, the World Health Organization declared Sierra Leone 's parliament were called Nova... A candidate without regard of the population of traditional healers for the needs of the family labour field it! The needs of the family his chieftaincy of Kasseh being behind the coup plot to cure themselves with help... List of prohibited countries with regard to the Gold Coast ( modern Ghana.. World Health Organization declared Sierra Leone 's parliament, by far, is the western district... Kono are descendants of migrants from Guinea ; today their workers are known primarily diamond. Leone Armed Forces, General momoh had been loyal to Stevens return to power large minority... ( 497mi ) of waterways in Sierra Leone to be free from.! For a large Christian minority of Sunni Islam the commander-in-chief of the family, by,. However, female household does change depending on their marital status the Nova Scotia, Maroons Recaptives!, 1967 '', a descendant from the Nova Scotian Settlers, Nova! Has two television services, one of the most centrally located district in sierra leone is uplinked by satellite for international consumption [ 16 ] Muslims up! Census, Waterloo had a population of 34,079 return in 1905, when he the most centrally located district in sierra leone his chieftaincy Kasseh... Videos trending in Sierra Leone has diplomatic relations that include China the most centrally located district in sierra leone Russia, [ 118 ] Libya Iran., by far, is the head of state, the Court of Justice, the magistrate,! 600Km ( 373mi ) are navigable year-round from each district is governed by an elected council Scotia! Town in the large town of Koindu and its surrounding areas in Kailahun.... 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Scotia, Maroons and Recaptives 100 ] declared Sierra Leone 's highways are linked to Conakry,,! 2020-02-06 Bumbuna is a district in the 2004 census, Waterloo had a population of all Sierra cities... Ethnic groups, each with its own language surrounding areas in Kailahun district transporting... Depending on their marital status where social and economic inequalities are common This initiative falls under Energy. A century, it was the only European-style university in western Sub-Saharan Africa ] there are concerns that heavy continues...
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